One million birds killed illegally every year at a wildlife site in Iran

Conservationists sound alarm over unprecedented slaughter of rare and endangered species by hunters at three lagoons

The Siberian crane is among species that inhabit or visit Iran’s Fereydunkenar wetlands, where as many as one half – a million birds - are now hunted every year

A million wild birds a year are now being killed illegally at a single wildlife site in Iran. That is the stark warning from conservationists who say highly endangered migratory species face being wiped out in the near future there unless urgent action is taken.

In a letter last week to the journal Science, the conservationists pinpoint the Fereydunkenar wetlands in Iran as the site of this widespread wildlife slaughter.

Three major lagoons – Fereydunkenar, Sorkhrud and Azbaran – provide resting places for species that winter there, including the Siberian crane which is designated as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.

Other endangered or threatened species in the wetlands include white-headed ducks (Oxyura leucocephala), red-breasted geese (Branta ruficollis), lesser white-fronted geese (Anser erythropus), northern lapwings (Vanellus vanellus) and wintering raptors such as falcons.

However, these birds have increasingly become targets for local hunters and occasionally for others who visit the region. “An estimated 3,000 of these birds are currently being killed daily by local hunters to sell at local markets,” say Jamshid Parchizadeh, an Iranian conservationist, and zoologist Samual Williams, of Venda University, South Africa, in their letter to Science. “This could have catastrophic effects on the species that depend on this ecosystem.”

The scale of the slaughter at Fereydunkenar is staggering, Williams told the Observer. “It is likely to add up to around a million birds per year, around half of the total number of waterbirds that visit the site.”

An example how this slaughter has affected one species is provided by the Siberian crane (Leucogeranus leucogeranus). It has two populations: an eastern one, made up of about 3,000 birds, and a western, of which there is only one last known remaining member and it is known to winter in Fereydunkenar – where it faces being killed by local hunters each time it visits. The rest of the Siberian crane’s western population were killed at Fereydunkenar during the early years of the 21st century, it is thought.

Many of the birds that travel to the wetlands are killed to provide food. However, some are sold to collectors who want to add the birds to their taxidermy collections. Their slaughter has also been made easier recently with the use of cheap transparent plastic nets which are not seen by the birds and which have proved highly effective in catching dozens in a single haul. “These nets have only made it easier for people to catch more and more birds,” said Williams.

The killing is illegal but little has been done to stop it. “Iran’s department of the environment has been unable to curb the illegal activities,” say Parchizadeh and Williams. “Armed locals show a great deal of resistance to wildlife rangers when they attempt to enforce existing laws to curtail hunting.”